The Sarasí -o declension is more complicated than either the -e or -a declension, as it contains nouns from all grammatical genders. Originally, it signified something cultivated or civilized in Ksreskézaian languages, so it has always contained a spectrum of proper nouns of both sexes, as well as most inanimate objects that are considered artificial. In this last capacity, it complements the 'supernatural' -a feminine, although many supernatural feminine nouns have cognates in a different Oksirapho declension pattern, the 'obscure' declension. Aside from new name coinages, the set of feminine -o nouns is closed (non-expanding) in Lilitika, and these can be identified as female Ksreskézaians and their possessions.

Masculine nouns

'True' masculine nouns include:

male people

male animals

mass groups of people that are mostly male

possessions of males that would otherwise be mundane neuter objects

things with a deliberate male character (e.g. men's clothing and statues of men)

variants of objects that are perceived as more masculine than their alternatives (e.g. a large serving bowl or plate is more masculine than a small bowl or cup)

war

Artificial nouns

These include:

created objects and materials

concepts relating to government and the economy

domesticated animals of indeterminate or irrelevant gender

Cultivated feminine nouns

These are:

female Ksreskézai and their possessions, etc.

the emotions 'cruelty' and 'terror'

objects made of glass (if they would normally be mundane artificial nouns)

Forming an o-declension noun

-o		Masculine		Artificial		Cultivated Feminine
case	meaning	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
n.	this does	-o	-oi	-o	-oi	-o	-ai
ac.	do this	-ôn	-(ô)noi	-ôn	-(ô)noi	-ôn	-(ô)nai
v.	addressee	-(ê)	-(y)oi*	-(ê)	-(y)oi*	-(ê)	-(y)oi*
ab.	from this	-(ô)fo	-(ô)vin	-(ô)fo	-(ô)vin	-(ô)fo	-(ô)vin
l.	at this	-os	-(ô)soi	-os	-(ô)soi	-os	-(ô)sai
d.	to/for this	-(ô)kôl	-(ô)koi	-(ô)kôl	-(ô)koi	-(ô)kan	-(ô)kai
g.	of this	-oní	-iní	-oní	-ilí	-oní	-iní
n. c.	be this	-(o)ho	-(o)hoi	-(o)ho	-(o)hoi	-(o)ho	-(o)hai
a. c.	make into this	-(hô)n	-(ô)nhoi	-(hô)n	-(ô)nhoi	-(hô)n	-(ô)nhai
i.	with this	-(ô)wo	-(ô)woi	-(ô)wo	-(ô)woi	-(ô)wa	-(ô)wai
e.	since this	-(ô)pos	-(ô)pos	-(ô)pes	-(ô)pes	-(ô)pas	-(ô)pas
tem.	during this	-(ô)to	-(ô)ltoi	-(ô)to	-(ô)ltoi	-(ô)ta	-(ô)tlai
term.	until this	-(ô)kos	-(ô)kos	-(ô)kes	-(ô)kes	-(ô)kas	-(ô)kas

* Unlike other parenthesized letters in this chart, the (y) in this entry disappears after a consonant.

There is a version of this table with the duplicates removed in the reference grammar; you may find this easier to memorize instead, as it highlights repeated forms. (But note that it is organized differently.)

Examples:

-o		gegloko (war)		galselío (civil services station)		etesso (echo)
case	meaning	singular	plural	singular	plural	singular	plural
n.	this does	gegloko	geglokoi	galselío	galselíoi	etesso	etessai
ac.	do this	geglokôn	geglokônoi	galselíôn	galselínoi	etessôn	etessônai
v.	addressee	geglokê	geglokoi	galselí	galselíoi†	etessê	etessoi
ab.	from this	geglokôfo	geglokôvin	galselífo	galselívin	etessôfo	etessôvin
l.	at this	geglokos	geglokôsoi	galselíos	galselísoi	etessos	etessôsai
d.	to/for this	geglokkôl**	geglokkoi**	galselíkôl	galselíkoi	etessôkan	etessôkai
g.	of this	geglokoní	geglokiní	galselíoní	galselílí	etessoní	etessiní
n. c.	be this	geglokoho	geglokohoi	galselího	galselíhoi	etessoho	etessohai
a. c.	make into this	geglokôhôn*	geglokônhoi	galselín	galselínhoi	etessôhôn*	etessônhai
i.	with this	geglokwo	geglokwoi	galselíwo	galselíwoi	etessôwa	etessôwai
e.	since this	geglokôpos	geglokôpos	galselípes	galselípes	etessôpas	etessôpas
tem.	during this	geglokôto	geglokôltoi	galselíto	galselíltoi	etessôta	etessôtlai
term.	until this	geglokkos**	geglokkos	galselíkes	galselíkes	etessôkas	etessôkas

* See note in Nouns II regarding s- + ha; the inserted vowel is silent.
** This doubled k represents an elided "okôkô"/"okôko" pattern to avoid reduplication.
† 'y' disappears after í; see Basics II

Vocabulary

Memorize the following masculine nouns:

wekello: Ksreskézaian myth

okso: member of the Ksreskézaian species

sto: man

stipto: boy

terbezo: biological father

sabloko: victory

metzeko: smell of baking bread

milobo: hammer

lo: he

ro: you (male)

so: me (male)

gegloko: war

Memorize the following artificial nouns:

aktonelío: court room or court session

aitzelío: place of business

hairo: bowl

amnado: engraving

wizzo: button

tréo: sketch

trúzo: computer screen

súpto: short poem or prosaic witticism

olrelío: pantry

resapso: bedding

galselío: civil services station

Memorize the following cultivated feminine nouns:

alzesso: troubled thought

alzoko: terror

genesso: cruelty

zavo: maze or quandary

venzesso: wound (emotional or physical)

sayedo: ointment

etesso: echo

nozairo: glass jar, drinking glass

Exercises

1. Form the following in Lilitika using the o-declension (ignoring articles):
   • his
     
   • sketches (accusative)
     
   • until victory
     
   • from the pantry, the Ksreskézaian [took] a glass jar
     
   • from (Ksreskézaian) myth
     
   • father! (vocative)
     
   • with buttons
     
   • at court
   
   
2. Translate the following into English:
   • genessôpas
     
   • aitzelího
     
   • aktonelíto
     
   • milobowo
     
   • oksê
     
   • zavai
   
   
3. Identify the gender, case, and inflection scheme of the following, if possible:
   • henwestiní
     
   • stawa
     
   • shistovin
     
   • aiteké
     
   • trésoi
     
   • etessôkai
     
   • sê
     
   • thelo
     
   • illilí