ighinení illeru, n. Language; the product of organized thought. Contrast with tshírafu, a set of rules for expressing this to oneself or another. Ighinení illeru is also used when discussing tone of voice, word choice, etc., whereas tshírafu is only used for the linguistic concept.

rafu, n. Written prose, calling attention to the language used in the writing. Probably from γράφω.

tshírafu, n. Language; an agreed-upon set of rules and definitions for communicating. Contrast with ighinení illere, the philosophical concept. A tshírafu generally consists of a grammar and vocabulary.

aporafu, n. Alien language. (apolí + tshírafu.)